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AgustaWestland AW101

Development
In the spring of 1977, the Ministry of Defence issued a requirement for an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter to replace the Royal Navy Sea King Westland. Westland responded with a design called WG.34 which was approved for development. Meanwhile, the Marina Militare (Italian Navy Italian) was also seeking a replacement for its (Agusta-built) Sea Kings, leading Agusta to discussions with Westland about the possibility of joint development. This culminated in the joint venture was concluded in November 1979 and a new London-based company, EH Industries Limited (HIE), was formed in June of the following year manage the project.
As the design studies progressed, EHI became aware of a broader market for an aircraft with the same capabilities as those required by the marine British and Italian. On June 12, 1981, the United Kingdom have confirmed their participation, with an initial budget of 20 billion development of nine pre-series examples. A major agreement on raising funds for the development of EH-101 program was signed by British and Italian governments in 1984. In the 1985 Paris Motor Show in Le Bourget, Agusta was a model of a utility version of the new helicopter, resulting in a more generalized design can be customized. After a long development, the first prototype flew on 9 October 1987.
In 1989 the demand for the EH-101 was uncertain, the U.S. Blackhawk was to offer a competition with potential export customers, and that neither Britain or Italy has placed orders for production yet. The Canadian government had shown great interest in 1991 in the acquisition of up to 43 EH-101 to replace its own aging naval helicopters, however, with the end of the Cold War were described as excessive by several politicians and acquisition was aborted in 1996. Britain maintained its commitment to the project, ordering 22 EH-101 helicopters in February 1995, Italy also continued its resolution 16 EH-101 in October 1995.
The first group of EH-101 production for the RAF began arriving in 1997. Westland in 2002 made an unsolicited offer failed to provide the Ministry of Defence with an enhanced version of the Merlin to meet demand in the UK for lifting capacity. Agusta Westland and Agusta merged to form International Limited in July 2000, the closing of EHI as a separate entity shortly thereafter. Consequently, in June 2007, the EH101 was renamed the AW101.
Design
Overview
AW101-body diagram
The AW101 Merlin is well known for its extensive use of composite materials. The aluminum-lithium alloy modular structure the fuselage is damage and anti-shock, with several primary and secondary routes of cargo. Active vibration control of structural response (ACSR) uses a technique vibration-canceling reduce pressure on the airframe. The AW101 is qualified to operate in temperatures from -40 to +50 C. Tyres high flotation will allow the operation of a smooth or rough terrain. The main rotor blades are a derivative of BERP rotor blade design, which improves the aerodynamic efficiency at the ends of the sheet, and the reduction of the signing of the road noise.
The cabin is equipped with armored seats for the crew, and can withstand a impact speed of more than 10 m / s. Two flight controls are provided, although the EH-101 can be flown by one person. The pilot sample of six instruments include all high definition color screens and an optional display of the mission. A digital map and into the future infrared imaging system can also be installed.
Propulsion
The military version of the AW101 is powered by three RTM322 turboshaft Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca used by the United Kingdom, Japan, Denmark and Portugal, 1,491 kW or three General Electric CT7-6 turboshaft in Italy, Canada and Japan. The engine of Rolls-Royce RTM322 was designed specifically for the AW101, and was later used other helicopters like the WAH-64 Apache. Engine intake systems particle separator providing protection when operating in sandy environments. Each motor is supplied by a separate fuel tank 1074 liters self-sealing using dual booster pumps. A fourth tank acts as a reservoir to supply complete main tanks during flight, while a fifth transfer tank can be added to increase the range, as can be refueled in the air. The engines power one meters 18.59 diameter five-blade main rotor. The rotor blades are constructed of carbon / glass with nomex honeycomb and foam Rohacell, edged with the titanium alloy. Control engine computer via (the electronics of the aircraft engine control EECU) allows the AW101 to hover reliably in winds over 80 km / H.
With weapons and defense systems
A chin FLIR is installed in some variants. The AW101 (ASM excluding MK1) is equipped with chaff dispensers and of flares, directed infrared countermeasures (infrared jammers), ESM (electronic support measures in the form of radio frequency RF [] heads), and detection and laser warning system.
It has two strong points for carriers of arms in which HM Mk1 model can carry four or Sting Ray torpedoes Mk 11 Mod 3 depth charges, but currently can not use the Sea Skua missiles. The Mk1, Mk3 variants can be mounted machine guns and 3rd General Purpose (GPMGs) up 5 places in the main cabin pointing door and window openings.
Cargo systems
The AW101 airframe has a volume of 31.91 m3 and the load compartment is 6.5 m long, 2.3 m wide and 1.91 m in height. The military version of the AW101 for up to 24 seated or 45 combat troops and equipment standing. alternative loads include medical equipment and stretchers 16 and pallets. The cab floor and rear ramp are equipped with a pulse of berths, a charging unit semi-automatic version (SACRU). The ramp (1.91×2.3 m) can be loaded with 3050 kg, allowing it to carry vehicles such as Land Rovers. A cargo hook under the fuselage can carry 5,440 kg external loads through the use a SACRU. A rescue hoist and a hover trim controller are fitted at the cargo door.
Avionics
The navigation system includes a GPS navigation system inertial, VHF Omnidirectional Radio (VOR) of the instrument landing system (ILS), tactical air navigation (TACAN) and automatic direction finding. The MK1 and MK3 is equipped with a DVS system velocity (Doppler) for when the exclusive use of conventional instruments pitot pressure could be unreliable for accurate speed measurement. The AW101 is equipped with a helicopter management, avionics and mission systems linked by two multiplex 1553B and ARINC 429 databus. A Smiths Industries OMI September 20 automatic flight control system provides dual redundant digital control, giving autostabilisation and autopilot operation four axes.
Operational History
Royal Navy
The RN final order was 44 anti-submarine warfare equipment, originally scheduled but soon HAS.1 Merlin Merlin HM1 changed. The first fully operational Merlin was issued on May 17, 1997, entered service on June 2, 2000. All aircraft were delivered in late 2002 and are grouped into four squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm, RNAS Culdrose all based in Cornwall: 814 NAS, 820 NAS, NAS 824 and NAS 829. 700 NAS was the Operational Evaluation Unit Merlin 2000-2008.
A Merlin HM1 of HMS Monmouth Flight, 829 NAS, 2007.
In March 2004, RN Merlins were grounded after an incident at RNAS Culdrose when the rotor tail on one of them. Investigations revealed that this was due to tail rotor defects manufacturing center. Flights resumed the following year.
The Merlin HM1 has been authorized to operate from Royal Navy aircraft carriers, amphibious assault ships, frigates and Type 23 ships including a number of RFA Fort Victoria class. It is also intended to equip the next Type 45 destroyers. A carrying capacity of the Program is currently underway to upgrade 30 aircraft with standard HM2 Merlin. This will include a new mission system and digital cockpit. It is planned to include the remaining eight airframes, but this has been dropped for financial reasons, while shares to find alternatives for these aircraft.
The UK had long considered the Merlin as a replacement for the Sea King Airborne Early Warning ASaC7 (AEW) role. On December 15, 2009, future plans were announced helicopter. The RAF Merlin HC3 and HC3As will be transferred to the Force's Helicopter Command replacing 'Jungli "Commando Sea King helicopter, these being replaced by Chinook helicopters from RAF service. The eight airframe parts become to use the equipment of the Sea King ASaC7. Sea King will also be replaced in the role of SAR for a PFI agreement, resulting in the removal of Sea King, leaving the Navy operation Wildcat Lynx and Merlin, the Chinooks operating in the RAF, and Army operational Wildcat Lynx and Apache. The Lynx helicopter was seen as a useful complement Merlins at the latest, however, had been mooted in 1995 phasing out of Lynx for all marine fleets Merlin would be plausible.
Royal Navy Merlins have seen action in the Caribbean, on the fight against drug trafficking and the rights of hurricane support. They have also been active in Iraq, supporting British and coalition troops on the ground, and maritime security duties in the North Persian Gulf.
British Royal Air Force
A British Merlin in Iraq in 2005
RAF helicopters ordered 22 Merlin HC3 operator appointed, the first of which entered service with the Squadron N º 28 of the RAF, based at RAF Benson in January 2001. The type is equipped with fuel tanks greater range and is capable of air-air refueling; however, due to the lack of a suitable tanker UK, this capability has not been approved for use. It also differs from the version of the Royal Navy for having gear two main landing wheels, while the RN version has only one wheel on each main gear.
Depth maintenance of Merlin HC3 is carried out in the Service Center at RNAS Culdrose Merlin depth. The first operational deployment was to the Balkans in early 2003. They were deployed in the southern Iraqi as part of Operation Telic until July 2009 when British forces withdrew from Iraq.
To alleviate a shortage of helicopters in operation of the Ministry British Defense DMRH bought six AW101s of Denmark in 2007. These were assigned to the RAF Merlin HC3A designation. As part of the agreement, the Ministry of Defence ordered six new buildings to replace the Royal Danish Air Force. In December 2007, a second Merlin squadron, No. 78 Squadron was formed in Benson. Five Mk3s Merlin are operating in Afghanistan in 2010, its initial deployment was criticized, so they presumably lack Kevlar armor, aircraft are now fully equipped with ballistic protective armor. [Citation needed]
It was announced that the RAF Merlins transfer its Command Force helicopters and Chinook replace HC2.
Italian Navy
Italian Navy ASW variant in 2004
In 1997, the Italian government ordered 20 EH101 helicopters with four options for the Italian Navy the following variants:
9 (1) anti-surface and submarine warfare (ASW)
4 (+2) early warning (AEW)
4 utility aircraft
4 ASH (helicopter support and amphibians)
The first production helicopter Italian Navy (MM81480) was first flown on October 4, 1999 and was officially presented to the press on December 6, 1999 at Agusta's factory. Deliveries to the Italian navy began in early 2001 and was completed in 2006. Italian EH101s operate from a variety of boats, including aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships. The ninth ASW helicopter was delivered in August 2009.
The AW-101 was selected for the CSAR program, 12 + 3 options de Aeronautica Militare (Air Force) to replace the HH-3F.
Royal Danish Air Force
A Royal Danish Air Force deck lift AW101 a boat
In 2001, the Royal Danish Air Force has announced the purchase of eight EH101s of the rights of the SAR and troop transports six tactics. The last of the 14 EH101s was delivered March 1, 2007 and the first SAR EH101s began operating in late April of 2007. Dane Mc 512s have a maximum takeoff weight of 15,600 kg.
In 2007, the Ministry of Defence acquired the six troop transport EH101s of Denmark to relieve a British helicopters operating deficit. In return, the British have ordered six helicopters AgustaWestland new building to replace the Royal Danish Air Force.
On January 28, 2008, a Dane broke AW101 the drive shaft of an engine to the gearbox and made an emergency landing at the airport in Billund. Following this incident was the Danish fleet grounded as safety caution. The incident sparked a national debate on the future of the Danish EH101 in service and whether it makes sense to buy several helicopters as the EH101 was very low availability of approximately 30% due to mechanical problems. AgustaWestland in turn blamed the Danes to order spare parts very late and not keeping enough staff to properly service the helicopters. In April 2008, RDAF reported significant improvements in operational availability of over 50%, citing a better service for AW (delivery quick spare parts) and competition increasing ground staff responsible. [Citation needed]
Portuguese Air Force
The Air Force Portuguese has been operating since 24 February 2005 Merlins, transport, search and rescue, combat search and rescue, fisheries surveillance and monitoring missions sea. The 12 aircraft in three versions, gradually replaced the Puma Arospatiale in those papers. Portuguese Merlins are painted in a green camouflage tactical brown.
The main function of the Portuguese AW101 is the search and rescue at sea off Portugal. EH-101 are in a constant state of alert at three bases: Montijo (near Lisbon), Lajes Field, Azores and the island of Porto Santo.
Japan's Maritime Self-Defense Force
MCH-101 Japan
Japan Self-Defense ordered 14 aircraft of the Force in 2003 for use in both the AMCM (Airborne mine counter-measures) and transport functions. The AW101 was modified by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Japan and Defense Agency designated as the MCH-101 model. The property could bend and the tail rotor automatically made active system anti-vibration.
Kawasaki began producing licensed cell CH-101 and SMI-101 in 2003. MEXT CH-101 used for Antarctic transportation. Kawasaki began production License RTM322 engine in 2005. First delivered to MCH-101 Self-Defense Force in 2006.
The MCH-101 and CH 101-replace the MH-53E (S-80-M-1) for MAMC, and Sikorsky 61-S in a supporting role for the Japanese Antarctic observations.
Other military customers
There is considerable demand for the AW-101, which has maintained a queue continuous customer for over five years.
Norway has expressed interest in running for AW101 Norwegian All Weather Search and Rescue Helicopter (NAWSARH) program, scheduled to replace the Westland Sea King Mk.43B of the Royal Norwegian Air Force in 2015. Other candidates for the 1910-1912 contract helicopters NAWSARH Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey, Eurocopter EC225, NHIndustries NH-90 and Sikorsky S 92 -.
South Korea has recognized the need for its mine countermeasures Moderns in the air (AMCM) helcopter maritime fleet, and one AW101 helicopters studied in the paper.
In November 2007, Algeria signed a contract for six AW101 helicopters. This is one of several agreements can potentially continue according to the Ministry of Defence.
VIP use
AgustaWestland developed a luxury variant of the AW101, the AW101 VVIP, aimed at companies and VIP customers. In mid-2008 it was revealed that a customer in Saudi Arabia had ordered two VVIP AW101s.
The Marine Corps has acquired U.S. AW101 two VH-71 helicopters as part of its efforts to replace his Marine One helicopter. However, the project itself was halted when the program funding was reduced on April 6, 2009, but is likely to see a revival.
India plans to AW-101 12 helicopters for the president and Prime Minister of India. The AW-101 was selected after competing against the Sikorsky S-92 "Superhawk" in field trials in 2008. A particular requirement was that the helicopter has "a high tailpiece" to allow the car to the Prime Minister to approach the rear exit stairs to get less exposure to threats.
Variants
Model 110
Marine Italian ASW / ASuW variant, eight built.
Model 111
Royal Navy ASW / ASuW variant, designated by the customer HM1 Merlin, 44 built.
Model 112
Marine Early Alert Italian version, four built.
Model 300
Italian-built prototype commercial passenger variant, one built.
Model 410
Italian variant Navy transport, eight built.
Model 411
Royal Air Force transport variant, designated by the client Merlin HC3, 22 built.
Model 500
Prototype utility variant with rear ramp, two built.
Model 510
Civil transport variant, two built.
Model 511
Canadian Forces search and rescue variant, designated CH-149 Cormorant by the client, 15 built.
Model 512
Royal Danish Air Force variant for search and rescue and transport, 14 built.
Model 514
The Portuguese air force search and rescue variant, six built.
Model 515
Portuguese Air Force variant of fisheries protection, two built.
Model 516
Portuguese Air Force combat search and rescue, four built.
Model 518
Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force mine countermeasures and transport, two built.
Model 519
Alternative Transportation for Marine Corps United States as the VH-71 Kestrel, five built.
Merlin HM1
Royal Navy designation for the model 111.
Merlin HM2
adaptation of avionics for the RN 30 HM1s to be performed by Lockheed Martin for the Royal Navy. The first flight is expected in late 2010.
Merlin HC3
Royal Air Force designation for the model 411.
Merlin HC3A
Royal Air Force designation of six ex Royal Danish Air Force 512s modified model to the rules of the United Kingdom.
CH-148 Petrel
33 originally ordered by the Canadian Forces, reduced to 28 and later canceled.
CH-149 Cormorant
Description Forces Canadians for the model 511 and option of seeking ransom. (14 in service).
VH-71 Kestrel
USMC variant intended to serve as the presidential helicopter U.S.. Two of each test.
Operators
September 1 Rescue Search and Rescue Danish Air Force EH101
Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department of EH101
Merlin Portuguese Air Force colors
military operators
Algeria
Algerian Navy
(6 in Order)
Denmark
Royal Danish Air Force
Eskadrille 722 (Squadron 722)
Italy
Italian Navy
Elicotteri 1Gruppo
Elicotteri 3Gruppo
Japan
Japan's Maritime Self-Defense Force
Portugal
Portuguese Air Force
751 Squadron "Pumas"
United Kingdom
The Royal Navy
700M Naval Air Squadron (Operational Evaluation Unit) (2000-2008)
814 Naval Air Squadron
820 Naval Air Squadron
824 Squadron Naval Air
829 Naval Air Squadron
Royal Air Force
No. 28 Squadron RAF, RAF Benson
No. 78 Squadron RAF, RAF Benson
Law enforcement operators
Japan
Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department became the first customer type civil when they purchased a single instance in 1998.
accidents and incidents
Five Merlins have been written off and one damaged in accidents, of which three are due to problems with the tail rotor shaft cracks. [Citation needed]
January 21, 1993 – Merlin Development Italiano PP2 (MMX600) crashed near Novara-field Cameri aviation in Italy after an uncontrolled application of the brake rotor in flight – four dead. [Citation needed]
April 17, 1995 – British Merlin development PP4 (ZF644) crashed near Yarcombe citation in Dorset, England. [Edit]
Aug. 20, 1996 – Italian Merlin PP7 development (I-hyoid) was damaged in an accident when he turned after the drive tail rotor on landing. The helicopter was repaired.
October 27, 2000 – Royal Navy Merlin (ZH844) left near the island of Skye, Scotland after a fire caused by the hydraulic brake rotor has been partially compromised.
March 30, 2004 – Royal Navy Merlin (ZH859) crashed on takeoff from Culdrose due to tail rotor center RNAS cracks.
November 15, 2007 – During a medical evacuation while Jorge Island Azores, Portugal, a Portuguese Air Force Merlin caused injuries to five people, when suddenly and unexpectedly rose three feet in the center of procedures shipment. The pilot was able to regain control of the helicopter to minimize the damage. According to the spokesman for the Air Force, this type of incident is unprecedented.
Specifications (Merlin HM1)
Composite image of an RAF Merlin test flares
General features
Crew: 4
Capacity:
24 seated troops or
45 soldiers standing or
16 stretchers with medical
Length: 22.81 m (74 ft 10 in)
Rotor diameter: 18.59 meters (61 feet 0)
Height: 6.65 m (21 ft 10 in)
Disc area: 271 m (2992 ft)
Empty weight: 10,500 kg (23,150 lbs)
Useful load: 5443 kg (12,000 pounds)
Max takeoff weight: 15.600 kg (32.188 pounds)
Powerplant: 3 Rolls-Royce Turbomeca RTM322-01 turboshaft, 1725 kW (2312 SHP) each
Performance
Never exceed speed: 309 km / h (167 knots, 192 mph)
Range: 1389 km (750 nm, 863 miles)
Service ceiling: 4575 m (15,000 ft)
Lifting Capacity: 10.2 m / s (2,000 ft / min)
Disc loading: 53.8 kg / m (11.01 lb / ft)
Power / mass: 284.9 W / kg (0.174 shp / lb)
Armament
Weapons: guns 5 on the general purpose machine
Bombs: 960 kg (2116 lbs) of anti-ship missiles (up to 2), homing torpedoes (up to 4), depth charges and rockets
Avionics
Smiths Industries OMI September 20 dual-redundant digital automatic flight control system
Navigation Systems:
BAE Systems LINS 300 ring laser gyroscope, Litton Italia LISA strapdown AHRS-4000 (variants shipyards)
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN), VHF Omnidirectional Radio range (VOR), Instrument Landing System (ILS)
Radar:
Selex Galileo Blue Kestrel 5000 radar for maritime surveillance (ASW EH101s RN)
MM/APS-784 Eliradar maritime surveillance radar (Italian ASW EH101s)
HEW-784 Eliradar air / surface surveillance radar (AEW variants)
MM/APS-705B Officine Galileo search and weather radar (Marina Militare Italiana EH101s Utility)
Telephonics RDR-1600 weather radar to avoid (Royal Danish Air Force EH101s)
Galileo APS-717 search and surveillance radar (EH101s Portuguese Air Force)
See also
European Defence Procurement
Related development
CH-149 Cormorant
VH-71 Kestrel
Similar Aircraft
Mil Mi-17
Mil Mi-38
Eurocopter Cougar
CH-148 Cyclone
NHI NH90
Sikorsky S-92
Related Lists
List of helicopters
List of active military aircraft of the United
References
^ "EH-101 Merlin tab. Portuguese Air Force. http://www.emfa.pt/www/aeronavesdetalhe.php?lang=ing&cod=eh101. Retrieved on 05/02/2010.
^ "Danish Air Force statement." Danish Air Force. http://forsvaret.dk/FTK/Factsheets/. Retrieved on 05/02/2010.
^ "Concept WG.34 image." Flight International. November 25, 1978. http://www.flightglobal.com/PDFArchive/View/1978/1978 – 3004.html.
^ Briganti, Giovanni. "Augusta Westland and Europe." aerospace.com defense. http://www.defense-aerospace.com/cgi-bin/client/modele.pl?prod=19144&shop=dae&modele=feature. Retrieved 2/5/2010.
^ Aeronautica and Difesa, No. 14, December 1987, p. 34.
^ "Green light to the Anglo-Italian EH101 helicopter." MCB UP. 1984. pp. 11-12. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&contentId=1683254.
^ Twigg, Stephen (August 1992). "The helicopter EH101: A fully integrated program of international collaboration. "Pp. 133-146. Http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content ~ content = a783124445 = & db all.
Richardson ^, Ian (December 5, 1989). "Banking in the Navy Westland EH 101 purchase." Glasgow Herald. http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=DDU1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=MaYLAAAAIBAJ&pg=3981, 1553354 & dq = eh-101 & hl = en.
^ McLaughlin, Audrey (July 28, 1992). "Helicopters of the Cold War" a waste of money ". Toronto Star. Http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/456445171.html?dids=456445171:456445171&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+28, 1992 and author = + Audrey McLaughlin & pub = Toronto + Star & desc = + + Cold War helicopters' + a + + waste of money + y = pqatl google.
^ Thompson, Allan (June 2, 1995). "Requested $ 2,600,000,000 for military helicopters to replace aging boats like Sea Kings." Toronto Star. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/21199516.html?dids=21199516:21199516&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+02, 1995 and author = For + + + + Allan Thompson Toronto Star & pub = Toronto + Star & desc = + $ 2.6 billion request + + + + for military helicopters + Wants + boats + a + + + + replace the aging Sea Kings & pqatl = google.
^ "Canada is built helicopter claim canceled. "New York Times. January 24, 1996. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/24/business/international-briefs-canada-settles-claim-on-canceled-helicopters.html.
^ Hotten, Russell (February 23, 1995). "Westland tip to the order of the Ministry of Defense." The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/westland-tipped-for-mod-order-1574476.html.
^ "Orders of 16 Italian Navy EH-101 helicopters." Defense Daily. October 10, 1995. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-17564657/italian-navy-orders-16.html.
^ Ford, Terry (1997). "Developments in the helicopter. pp. 447-452. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkpdf&contentId=876450.
^ Barrie, D (December 23, 2002). "Westland additional Merlins push to raise the UK needs." p. 29. http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=200305110503MT&q=Merlin+Helicopter&uid=788944159&setcookie=yes.
^ "Merger Westland confirmed." BBC News. July 26, 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/852612.stm.
^ Hope, Christopher (27 May 2004). "Italians take control of the helicopter manufacturer in Britain." The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2886459/Italians-take-controls-at-UK-helicopter-maker.html.
^ "Rotorcraft Report: AgustaWestland." Rotor & Wing. Access Intelligence, LLC. 2007-08-01. Http: / / www.aviationtoday.com/rw/personalcorporate/exectransport/14508.html. " The company renamed its EH101 medium lift transport the AW101 to reflect … the full integration of Agusta and Westland … "
^ Marks, NG (August 1989). Polymer Composites Structures helicopter. 5. Met. Mater .. pp. 456-459. http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=9001F1D0024ED&q=Merlin+Helicopter&uid=788944159&setcookie=yes.
^ Prouty, Ray. Helicopter Aerodynamics, Helobooks, 2003
^ Prince, J. Colin, James F. Farrell, H. Woo, Yu P.; Leerentveld Ray (June 5, 1995). AMLCD color displays of the EH-101 helicopter. 2462. SPIE. pp. 234-240. http://spie.org/x648.html?product_id=210962.
^ Witt, Mike Spring (1990). Rolls-Royce power military power. 135. RUSI Journal. pp. 39-45. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content ~ content = & db = a791611879 all.
^ "RTM322." Rolls-Royce plc. http://www.rolls-royce.com/defence/products/helicopters/rtm_322.jsp. Retrieved on 16/03/2009.
^ "FLIR Systems awarded contract to provide systems thermal image for the Royal Danish and Portuguese Air Forces; contract worth more than $ 10 million. "Business Wire. October 2, 2002. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-26263106_ITM.
^ Rivers, Brendan P (November 1, 2001). "Nordic Helo divergent paths." Journal of Electronic Defense. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27217675_ITM. " The first had no other specific requirements which had to include EW controller, a radar warning receiver, a missile warning system, warning system laser, and the chaff flare dispenser, with an optional RF gag "
^ Cox, Bob (November 1, 2001). "Lockheed Martin business teams European helicopter market in the new All-Weather ". Fort Worth Star http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-120758861/lockheed-martin-teams-european.html." As transport, the EH-101 can be configured to carry troops from 24 to 30, up to five tons of cargo or up to 16 stretchers for carrying injured "
^ Smith, Alan F (01 October 1997). "The aluminum-lithium alloys in helicopters." Advanced Materials and Processes. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-20392066.html.
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